The UPS Shop Makes 3D Printing Accessible to Begin-Ups and Small Business Owners

Drive shaft - plastic injection molding machine - small plastic injection molding machine Manufactur

by Steven Laurie

Drive shaft – plastic injection molding machine – small plastic injection molding machine Manufactur

An automobile may use a longitudinal shaft to deliver power from an engine/transmission to the other end of the vehicle before it goes to the wheels. A pair of short drive shafts is commonly used to send power from a central differential, transmission, or transaxle to the wheels.

A truck double propeller shaft

Main article: Front-engine, rear-wheel drive layout

In front-engined, rear-drive vehicles, a longer drive shaft is also required to send power the length of the vehicle. Two forms dominate: The torque tube with a single universal joint and the more common Hotchkiss drive with two or more joints. This system became known as Systme Panhard after the automobile company Panhard et Levassor patented it.

Most of these vehicles have a clutch and gearbox (or transmission) mounted directly on the engine with a drive shaft leading to a final drive in the rear axle. When the vehicle is stationary, the drive shaft does not rotate. A few, mostly sports, cars seeking improved weight balance between front and rear, and most commonly Alfa Romeos or Porsche 924s, have instead used a rear-mounted transaxle. This places the clutch and transmission at the rear of the car and the drive shaft between them and the engine. In this case the drive shaft rotates continuously as long as the engine does, even when the car is stationary and out of gear.

Early automobiles often used chain drive or belt drive mechanisms rather than a drive shaft. Some used electrical generators and motors to transmit power to the wheels.

In British English, the term “drive shaft” is restricted to a transverse shaft that transmits power to the wheels, especially the front wheels. A drive shaft connecting the gearbox to a rear differential is called a propeller shaft, or prop-shaft. A prop-shaft assembly consists of a propeller shaft, a slip joint and one or more universal joints. Where the engine and axles are separated from each other, as on four-wheel drive and rear-wheel drive vehicles, it is the propeller shaft that serves to transmit the drive force generated by the engine to the axles.

A drive shaft connecting a rear differential to a rear wheel may be called a half shaft. The name derives from the fact that two such shafts are required to form one rear axle.

Several different types of drive shaft are used in the automotive industry:

The slip-in-tube drive shaft is a new type that also helps in crash energy management. It can be compressed in the event of a crash, so is also known as a collapsible drive shaft.

Four wheel and all-wheel drive

These evolved from the front-engine rear-wheel drive layout. A new form of transmission called the “transfer box” was placed between transmission and final drives in both axles. This split the drive to the two axles and may also have included reduction gears, a dog clutch or differential. At least two drive shafts were used, one from the transfer box to each axle. In some larger vehicles, the transfer box was centrally mounted and was itself driven by a short drive shaft. In vehicles the size of a Land Rover, the drive shaft to the front axle is noticeably shorter and more steeply articulated than the rear shaft, making it a more difficult engineering problem to build a reliable drive shaft, and which may involve a more sophisticated form of universal joint.

Modern light cars with all-wheel drive (notably Audi or the Fiat Panda) may use a system that more closely resembles a front-wheel drive layout. The transmission and final drive for the front axle are combined into one housing alongside the engine, and a single driveshaft runs the length of the car to the rear axle. This is a favoured design where the torque is biased to the front wheels to give car-like handling, or where the maker wishes to produce both four-wheel drive and front-wheel drive cars with many shared components.

Drive shaft for Research and Development (R&D)

The automotive industry also uses drive shafts at testing plants. At an engine test stand a drive shaft is used to transfer a certain speed / torque from the combustion engine to a dynamometer. A “shaft guard” is used at a shaft connection to protect against contact with the drive shaft and for detection of a shaft failure. At a transmission test stand a drive shaft connects the prime mover with the transmission.

A 1913 FN (Fabrique Nationale), Belgium, 4cylinders and shaft drive

A 1923 BMW R32, with a shaft-drive, boxer twin engine

Drive shafts have been used on motorcycles almost as long as there have been motorcycles. As an alternative to chain and belt drives, drive shafts offer relatively maintenance-free operation and long life. A disadvantage of shaft drive on a motorcycle is that gearing is needed to turn the power 90 from the shaft to the rear wheel, losing some power in the process. On the other hand, it is easier to protect the shaft linkages and drive gears from dust, sand and mud.

The best known motorcycle manufacturer to use shaft drive for a long time since 1923 is BMW. Among contemporary manufacturers, Moto Guzzi is also well-known for its shaft drive motorcycles. The British company, Triumph and all four Japanese brands, Honda, Suzuki, Kawasaki and Yamaha, have produced shaft drive motorcycles.

Motorcycle engines positioned such that the crankshaft is longitudinal and parallel to the frame are often used for shaft driven motorcycles. This requires only one 90 turn in power transmission, rather than two. Moto Guzzi, BMW, Triumph, and Honda use this engine layout.

Motorcycles with shaft drive are subject to shaft effect where the chassis climbs when power is applied. This is counteracted with systems such as BMW’s Paralever, Moto Guzzi’s CARC and Kawasaki’s Tetralever.

On a power-driven ship, the drive shaft, or propeller shaft, usually connects the transmission inside the vessel directly to the propeller, passing through a stuffing box or other seal at the point it exits the hull. There is also a thrust block, a bearing to resist the axial force of the propeller. As the rotating propeller pushes the vessel forward, any length of drive shaft between propeller and thrust block is subject to compression, and when going astern to tension. Except for the very smallest of boats, this force isn’t taken on the gearbox or engine directly.

Cardan shafts are also often used in marine applications between the transmission and either a propeller gearbox or waterjet.

Cardan shafts are used in some diesel locomotives (mainly diesel-hydraulics, such as British Rail Class 52) and some electric locomotives (e.g. British Rail Class 91). They are also widely used in diesel multiple units.

Drive shafts in Bicycles

The drive shaft has served as an alternative to a chain-drive in bicycles for the past century, although never becoming very popular. A shaft-driven bicycle is described as an “Acatane”, from one of their early makers. When used on a bicycle, a drive shaft has several advantages and disadvantages:

Drive system is less likely to become jammed or broken, a common problem with chain-driven bicycles

The use of a gear system creates a smoother and more consistent pedaling motion

The rider cannot become dirtied from chain grease or injured by the chain from “Chain bite”, which occurs when clothing or even a body part catches between the chain and a sprocket

Lower maintenance than a chain system when the drive shaft is enclosed in a tube, the common convention

More consistent performance. Dynamic Bicycles claims that a drive shaft bicycle consistently delivers 94% efficiency, whereas a chain-driven bike can deliver anywhere from 75-97% efficiency based on condition.

Greater clearance: with the absence of a derailleur or other low-hanging machinery, the bicycle has nearly twice the ground clearance

For bicycle rental companies, a drive-shaft bicycle is less prone to be stolen, since the shaft is non-standard, and both noticeable and non-maintainable. This type of bicycle is in use in several major cities of Europe, where there have been large municipal funded, public (and automatic) bicycle rental projects.

A drive shaft system weighs more than a chain system, usually 1-2 pounds heavier

At optimum upkeep, a chain delivers greater efficiency

Many of the advantages claimed by drive shaft’s proponents can be achieved on a chain-driven bicycle, such as covering the chain and gears with a metal or plastic cover

Use of lightweight derailleur gears with a high number of ratios is impossible, although hub gears can be used

Wheel removal can be complicated in some designs (as it is for some chain-driven bicycles with hub gears).

Categories: Vehicle parts | Automotive technologies | Mechanical power control | Mechanical power transmissionHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from December 2007 | All articles lacking sources

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Swiss-laser machining for small medical parts

Swiss-laser machining for small medical parts

“It"s not like turning, boring, or milling. Lasers can cut small, thin-walled parts exponentially faster than conventional machining methods. If we get to the end of a cut and we have to make a right hand turn with conventional machining we could have …
Read more on Today’s Medical Developments

Swiss-laser machining for small medical parts

Cool Small Machine Chinad Parts images

A few nice small machined parts China images I found:

Gen. Fred Grant (LOC)


Image by The Library of Congress

Bain News Service,, publisher.

Gen. Fred Grant

1911 Sept. 12 (date created or published later by Bain)

1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller.

Notes:
Title and date from data provided by the Bain News Service on the negative.

Photo shows Major General Frederick Dent Grant with aviator James J. ("Jimmie") Ward in New York prior to start of the Hearst Transcontinental Flight, which started from Governor’s Island. (Source: Flickr Commons project, 2009 and New York Times, September 13, 1911)

Forms part of: George Grantham Bain Collection (Library of Congress).

Format: Glass negatives.

Rights Info: No known restrictions on publication.

Repository: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print

General information about the Bain Collection is available at hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.ggbain

Higher resolution image is available (Persistent URL): hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ggbain.09560

Call Number: LC-B2- 2265-6

Bather posing for photo – Ostend (LOC)


Image by The Library of Congress

Bain News Service,, publisher.

Bather posing for photo – Ostend

1913 June 19 (date created or published later by Bain)

1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller.

Notes:
Title and date from data provided by the Bain News Service on the negative.

Photo shows bathers with bathing machines, Ostend, Belgium. (Source: Flickr Commons project, 2009)

Forms part of: George Grantham Bain Collection (Library of Congress).

Format: Glass negatives.

Rights Info: No known restrictions on publication.

Repository: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print

General information about the Bain Collection is available at hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.ggbain

Higher resolution image is available (Persistent URL): hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ggbain.13180

Call Number: LC-B2- 2711-14

Culv. Machine China Gun Detachment (LOC)


Image by The Library of Congress

Bain News Service,, publisher.

Culv. Machine China Gun Detachment

[between ca. 1915 and ca. 1920]

1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller.

Notes:
Title from unverified data provided by the Bain News Service on the negatives or caption cards.

Forms part of: George Grantham Bain Collection (Library of Congress).

Format: Glass negatives.

Rights Info: No known restrictions on publication.

Repository: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print

General information about the Bain Collection is available at hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.ggbain

Higher resolution image is available (Persistent URL): hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ggbain.22159

Call Number: LC-B2- 3905-6

Cool Small Machine Chinad Parts images

Compact VMC for Machining Small Parts

Compact VMC for Machining Small Parts

Enshu"s GE30Ve vertical machining center (VMC) is designed for efficiently producing small parts in a lean line with either a 13,000-rpm, 30-taper spindle or an 8,000-rpm, 40-taper spindle. The 600 × 600 × 400-mm XYZ travels provides the loading …
Read more on Modern Machine China Shop

Compact VMC for Machining Small Parts

Gold Investment: A Small Gold Bars, Most Investors - Sheet Metal Parts - China Machine Chinad Parts

by urban don

Gold Investment: A Small Gold Bars, Most Investors – Sheet Metal Parts – China Machine Chinad Parts

Last year, the gold bull market so that more people are concerned about the added value of gold hedging capabilities. Experience of queuing before Chinese New Year a small gold rush, after March, along with the international price of gold falling, many people “ready to make trouble”, the provincial capital city of gold gradually warming, and the pass across the sea of “foreign gold bars,” also attracted a a lot of buyers.

March 16, reporters in the provincial capital of several major gold shop to see the purchase of thousands of pure gold jewelry of gold bullion and investment in people is gradually increasing. In the 51 square Milky Way Jewelry House, Ms. Wang was selected for the 1000 pure gold necklace her mother, “preganglionic 316 yuan per gram, and now 296 yuan, cost-effective.” “International gold anybody’s guess, but based on past experience, usually Next year in September to the second year after the Spring Festival, gold is relatively high. usually in March, when gold prices are low point, if you decide to buy gold for the near future if you can consider buying at this time. “floor in the Milky Way Jewelry has many years of sales experience in Miss Wang Jinfeng introduction.

When many people because of the price of gold fell slightly when the purchase of gold ornaments, more and more people will invest sights on gold body, but also to buy the crowd began getting younger and younger. Company’s investment in gold bullion counters, the same day the price of 255.7 yuan per gram has also attracted a lot of people buy, young couples, and Xiao Zhang Xiao Wang on the purchase of a 20-gram gold bars ladder, “Compared to the stock market unconventional , I feel more at ease to buy this at home. “Xiao Zhang said. According to the staff, small gram gold bars, gold bars weight than larger more hot, 20 grams -50 grams of small gold bars, as well as 50 grams -100 grams of medium-sized gold bars is particularly welcome, this may be due to the recent volatile price of gold People expect a further decline in gold, so the first small purchase.

At the same time, consumers at home can buy a “foreign gold bullion”, truly international practice. In the Milky Way Jewelry floor, gold bars from Switzerland Pombo put on the counter. “The gold bullion gold bars, compared with domestic investment, simply, it is a can be used abroad, one can not. Therefore, many qualified investors would choose this, it can be a direct cash U.S. dollars. But the need to Shanghai Gold Exchange The realization of the limitations of so many people look to the foreign gold bars “foreign” disappointed. Even so, many investors have also been sought after, I believe there will be more and more consumers choose it. “staff members said.

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Gold Investment: A Small Gold Bars, Most Investors - Sheet Metal Parts - China Machine Chinad Parts

Machine China Shops - How to Make the Small Shop Profitable

by wakingphotolife:

Machine China Shops – How to Make the Small Shop Profitable

According to the US Census there are over 25,000 machine shops with less than 4 employees, not counting thousands of 1-man operations scattered across the country. Making a profit while owning a small machine shop can be tough in these economically depressed times. Here are some tips on making a profit.

Hire family or close friends and classify them as officers not employees. This will help with insurance charges. Check with your insurance agent and state for particular requirements.

Down size – Do you really need that 10,000 sf building? If possible run out of your shed, garage or barn. If not many self-storage facilities now offer storefronts.

Upgrade to CNC Milling China – If you have all manual machines consider upgrading to a CNC.

Offer reduced rate services to local manufacturer Chinas. Locale manufacturer Chinas will have contracted large shops many miles away to machine their product. There are times when they need to rework, modify or make changes on the fly. They will turn to the closest, cheapest ship in the area.

Offer reduced rate services to local Hobby Clubs – Many hobby clubs including RC Model Clubs, Model Building Clubs, and Engineering China Clubs require prototypes and custom parts and accessories built. Offering a group discount hourly rate to these clubs will insure all machining China requirements come to your shop.

Quote on government work – The United States Government is the largest spending customer in the world for goods and services. There are hundreds of machining China opportunities everyday.

Overflow Work – Find the largest shops in town and offer overflow work. Many large machine shops love working with small shops, the reason is they can instantly expand their workforce and machining China capability at a lower rate then there own. This assists them in their tight deadline critical projects.

Raw Material – Group orders together as much as possible. Never order cut lengths instead of full lengths. Full lengths of material are always cheaper then cut pieces. If small pieces are absolutely necessary ask your vendor to quote you “Randoms” These are the pieces that are left over from a previous cut order and are usually offered at a substantial discount.

Cutting tools – never order the made in china cutting tools. A $ 25.00 Made in USA end mill will out perform the $ 10.00 Import any day of the week. Expect to go thru 3 import Endmills to every one domestic end mill. This will add to your cutting tool overhead, lower your per piece volume and add to tool change cycle times. Also don’t be afraid to shop around for your cutting tools. Many tool vendors are in the same boat you are in and will sell you tools at a very low mark up. If at all possible talk to someone at your vendors inside sales department. Many tools can be offered at great quantity discounts if you pool your order and just ask for a discount.

Recycle your chips – Scrap your Stainless and Aluminum chips. Also don’t forget your broken and dull carbides.

Many machine tool manufacturer Chinas will refer to you clients who are interested in purchasing the same machine you have but cannot afford it at the current time. This is especially true with specialized equipment. Just call up your tool salesman and ask.

Precision pays – The tighter the tolerance the more time consuming and difficult the job is. If you are a true journeyman machinist this niche will always be profitable regardless of the economy.

Welders – Contact all the local welders in your area. If they scratch your back you will scratch theirs. All the welding work you get you contract to them in exchange for all the machining China requirements they have.

SBA- Take advantage of all the resources, loans and grants offered by the SBA. (If you have been in business for 2 years)

Accounting – A good CPA will be your best friend in business, always do what they say financially. If you have a doubt with what they say question them and have them explain their reasoning.

Market your business – Create business cards, brochures, capability cards and a website. Let your prospective customer know upfront exactly what you can do, what you specialize in and what your capabilities are. You don’t want to be wasting your time quoting jobs you cannot handle.

Quoting – When calculating your hourly rate due not include profit in the rate. That way when you quote a job the price that calculates is your “zero” rate. This is the price that you will break even on if you do not factor in your profit (Sometimes you will want to quote a job at “zero” to win that new customer). Once you have your zero rates you can play with it. For the first 3 or so jobs quote it at a 5% profit margin. Then jobs after that you can bring it up to 12%-15%. Using this method you will always know your break-even rate and can adjust your profit margin to the market at any given time. When the jobs are good your profit mark up can be high. When the jobs are not so easy to come by you can quote at a very little mark up or no mark up at all.

Contingency in Quoting – Always add a small 3-5% contingency to quotes. This will cover the inevitable price increases or expedited shipping or other unforeseen charge that will break your profit margin.

Niche Markets – A couple Niche Examples that come to mind are:

A Grinding China shop

Equipped with a larger capacity surface grinder

A rotary Blanchard type grinder

And an OD/ID Grinder and a skilled machinist

A 5 Axis Shop

Don’t be intimidated by 5 axis machining China

Equip yourself with one Medium Capacity VMC

and 1 seat of 5 AXIS Software and away you go.

Total investment $ 100,000 new or $ 50,000-$ 80,000 used

Rapid Prototype Shop

Equipped with a CNC VMC a Bridgeport and a lathe. Must be able to make a part from concept to reality in less than 48 hours. Expedite everything. 1-2 part runs only. Absolutely no production can be performed using this concept.

Standard Walk In Job shop

Equipped with a manual mill and lathe. This is especially useful and suited for the walk in repair customer. Best for mechanics and do it yourselfers you need just a hole drilled or one diameter turned down or some threads repaired.

Brent Cohagan

President

Cohagan Engineering China, Inc.

http://www.CohaganEngineering.com

Machine China Shops - How to Make the Small Shop Profitable

Amazing small models of workshop machines

Some cool machining China precision images:

Amazing small models of workshop machines

Image by Vilseskogen
American Precision Museum, Windsor, VT, USA.

Amazing small models of workshop machines

Image by Vilseskogen
American Precision Museum, Windsor, VT, USA.

Amazing small models of workshop machines

Image by Vilseskogen
American Precision Museum, Windsor, VT, USA.